Africa my Africa

Original Poetry
Translation
Africa my Africa
Africa, my Africa
Africa of proud warriors in ancestral savannahs
Africa of proud fighters in old grasslands
Africa of whom my grandmother sings
Africa that my grandmother sings about
On the banks of the distant river
By the faraway river
I have never known you
I have never known you
But your blood flows in my veins
But your blood runs in my veins
Your beautiful black blood that irrigates the fields
Your beautiful black blood that waters the fields
The blood of your sweat
The blood from your sweat
The sweat of your work
The sweat from your work
The work of your slavery
The work from your slavery
Africa, tell me Africa
Africa, tell me, Africa
Is this your back that is unbent
Is this your strong back
This back that never breaks under the weight of humilation
This back that never bends under shame
This back trembling with red scars
This back shaking with red scars
And saying no to the whip under the midday sun
And saying no to the whip under the midday sun
But a grave voice answers me
But a deep voice answers me
Impetuous child that tree, young and strong
Eager child, that tree, young and strong
That tree over there
That tree over there
Splendidly alone amidst white and faded flowers
Standing alone among white and faded flowers
That is your Africa springing up anew
That is your Africa growing again
springing up patiently, obstinately
Growing patiently, stubbornly
Whose fruit bit by bit acquires
Whose fruit slowly gains
The bitter taste of liberty.
The bitter taste of freedom.
 

Explanation

David Diop's poem 'Africa my Africa' is a powerful tribute to the African continent, reflecting both pride and pain. The speaker, who has never personally known Africa, feels a deep connection through his heritage, symbolized by the blood flowing in his veins. The poem acknowledges the suffering and exploitation endured by Africans through slavery and colonialism, yet it also celebrates their resilience and strength. The imagery of the unbending back and the tree symbolizes Africa's enduring spirit and hope for liberation. The poem's tone shifts from a lament for past injustices to a hopeful vision of Africa's renewal and the eventual attainment of freedom, despite the 'bitter taste' it may bring. Diop's use of vivid imagery and personification underscores the emotional depth and complexity of the African identity and struggle.

Word Dictionary10

WordIn EnglishPlain (English)Pron.
savannahsgrasslandslarge open areas of grassland, typically in Africasuh-van-uhs
irrigateswaterswatersir-i-geyts
humilationshamefeeling ashamed or embarrassedhyoo-mil-ee-ey-shuhn
impetuousrecklessacting quickly without thought or careim-pech-oo-uhs
obstinatelystubbornlystubbornlyob-stuh-nit-lee
libertyfreedomthe state of being free within society from oppressive restrictionslib-er-tee
splendidlymagnificentlybeautifullysplen-did-lee
tremblingshakingshaking involuntarily, typically as a result of anxiety or excitementtrem-bling
veinsblood vesselstubes in the body that carry blood to the heartvayns
ancestralheritagerelated to one's ancestors or family lineagean-ses-truhl

Poet & Context

Era20th century, Négritude movement

David Mandessi Diop was a French West African poet known for his contribution to the Négritude literary movement. His work reflects his anti-colonial stance.

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WhenMid-20th century
WhyThe poem was written as a tribute to Africa, expressing pride in its heritage and resilience despite the suffering caused by colonialism and slavery. It reflects the poet's longing for and connection to his ancestral homeland.
FormFree verse

Themes & More

ColonialismIdentityResilienceFreedom
Personification: Africa is addressed as if it were a person with blood and a back.Imagery: Vivid descriptions of Africa's landscape and the scars of slavery.Symbolism: The tree represents Africa's growth and resilience.Repetition: The word 'Africa' is repeated to emphasize the connection and pride.Metaphor: The back that never breaks symbolizes strength and endurance.
Africa my Africa by David Diop — Poem, Translation & Meaning