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In 'Las Moscas,' Antonio Machado employs the metaphor of flies to explore themes of memory, nostalgia, and the passage of time. The poem opens with an address to the flies, describing them as 'familiares' and 'golosas,' suggesting that they are both familiar and greedy, evoking memories of the past. The speaker reflects on how these 'vulgar flies' remind him of various stages of his life, from childhood to adolescence, and the experiences that shaped him. Phrases like 'viejas moscas voraces' and 'calva infantil' highlight the connection between these flies and the speaker's early memories, emphasizing a sense of longing for the innocence of youth.

As the poem progresses, the emotional tone shifts from nostalgia to a more contemplative reflection on the inevitability of time and change. The speaker recalls moments in the family living room and the school, where the flies symbolize the fleeting nature of happiness and the mundane aspects of life. The line 'que todo es volar' suggests a philosophical realization that life is transient, and everything is in constant motion, much like the flies themselves.

Machado's use of literary devices, such as repetition and vivid imagery, enhances the poem's emotional depth. The repetition of 'moscas' throughout the poem reinforces their omnipresence in the speaker's memories, while the imagery of 'rebotando en los cristales' evokes a sense of liveliness and chaos. The contrast between the flies and more beautiful creatures like bees and butterflies underscores the idea that not all memories are pleasant, yet they are integral to the speaker's identity.

Ultimately, 'Las Moscas' serves as a poignant reflection on the nature of memory and the passage of time. The poem encapsulates Machado's broader themes of existential contemplation and the bittersweet nature of human experience, making it a significant work within the context of his oeuvre and the Generation of '98.