May his tribe increase!

James Henry Leigh HuntEnglish17 lines1 public analyses
Original Poetry
Translation
Awoke one night from a deep dream of peace,
And saw, in the moonlight in his room,
And saw, within the moonlight in his room,
Making it beautiful, like a blooming lily,
Making it rich, and like a lily in bloom,
An angel writing in a golden book—
An angel writing in a book of gold—
His great peace had made Ben Adhem brave,
Exceeding peace had made Ben Adhem bold,
And to the presence in the room he said,
And to the presence in the room he said,
"What are you writing?"—The vision lifted its head,
“What writest thou?”—The vision raised its head,
And with a look full of sweet agreement,
And with a look made of all sweet accord,
Answered, "The names of those who love the Lord."
Answered, “The names of those who love the Lord.”
"And is my name one?" said Abou. "No, not yours,"
“And is mine one?” said Abou. “Nay, not so,”
Replied the angel. Abou spoke more softly,
Replied the angel. Abou spoke more low,
But still cheerfully; and said, "Then I ask you,
But cheerily still; and said, “I pray thee, then,
Write me down as one who loves his fellow men."
Write me as one that loves his fellow men.”
The angel wrote, and disappeared. The next night
The angel wrote, and vanished. The next night
It returned with a great awakening light,
It came again with a great wakening light,
And showed the names whom God's love had blessed,
And showed the names whom love of God had blest,
And look! Ben Adhem's name was at the top.
And lo! Ben Adhem’s name led all the rest.
 

Explanation

In 'Abou Ben Adhem,' Leigh Hunt presents a narrative that explores the themes of love and compassion through a mystical encounter. The poem begins with Ben Adhem awakening from a peaceful dream, only to find an angel writing in a book of gold. This image of the angel, illuminated by moonlight, symbolizes divine presence and the importance of love. When Ben Adhem asks the angel about the names being written, he learns that those who love God are recorded. However, when he discovers that his name is absent, he humbly requests to be listed as one who loves his fellow men, emphasizing the poem's central message that love for humanity is paramount.

The emotional arc of the poem transitions from initial surprise to a deep sense of humility and joy. Ben Adhem's boldness in addressing the angel reflects his inner peace, which is a key aspect of his character. The tone is uplifting and hopeful, suggesting that true devotion is not merely about religious observance but about genuine love for others. The angel's eventual return, revealing that Ben Adhem's name leads all others, serves as a powerful affirmation of this belief.

Hunt employs several literary devices to enhance the poem's impact. The use of imagery, such as the angel writing in a 'book of gold,' evokes a sense of wonder and divine significance. The rhyme scheme (ABAB) contributes to the poem's lyrical quality, making it memorable and engaging. Additionally, the dialogue between Ben Adhem and the angel creates a dynamic interaction that underscores the poem's moral lesson.

Ultimately, 'Abou Ben Adhem' conveys a profound message about the nature of love and spirituality, aligning with the Romantic ideals of the era. It suggests that the essence of true faith lies in loving one's fellow beings, a theme that resonates across cultures and religions, making the poem timeless and universally relevant.

Word Dictionary82

WordIn EnglishPlain (English)Pron.
Benایک نامa name, often short for BenjaminBen
Adhemایک نامa name, possibly of Arabic originAdhem
(may(اللہ کرےa phrase wishing for something good(may
tribeقبیلہa group of people, often relatedtribe
increase!)بڑھتا رہے!)to grow or expand!increase!)
Awokeجاگاto wake upAwoke
oneایکa single unitone
nightراتthe period of darknessnight
deepگہراprofound or intensedeep
dreamخوابa series of thoughts during sleepdream
peace,امن،a state of tranquilitypeace,
saw,دیکھا،to perceive with the eyessaw,
withinکے اندرinside or in the confines ofwithin
moonlightچاندنیlight from the moonmoonlight
room,کمرے،a space for living or sleepingroom,
Makingبنا رہاto create or cause to existMaking
rich,امیر،having great value or qualityrich,
likeکی طرحsimilar tolike
lilyکنولہa type of flowerlily
bloom,کھلنا،to be in flowerbloom,
angelفرشتہa spiritual beingangel
writingلکھناto form letters or wordswriting
bookکتابa collection of written pagesbook
gold—سونے—a precious yellow metalgold—
Exceedingبہت زیادہmore than usual or expectedExceeding
peaceامنa state of tranquilitypeace
madeبنا دیاto cause to be or becomemade
bold,بہادر،courageous or bravebold,
presenceموجودگیthe state of being presentpresence
roomکمرہa space for living or sleepingroom
said,کہا،to express in wordssaid,
“What“کیاused to ask for information“What
writestلکھتے ہوto write (archaic form)writest
thou?”—Theتم؟—وہyou?—Thethou?”—The
visionنظرsomething seen, often in a dreamvision
raisedاٹھایاto lift or elevateraised
head,سر،the upper part of the bodyhead,
lookنظرa gaze or expressionlook
sweetمیٹھاpleasant or agreeablesweet
accord,ہم آہنگی،agreement or harmonyaccord,
Answered,جواب دیا،to respondAnswered,
“The“یہdefinite article used for specificity“The
namesنامidentifiers for people or thingsnames
loveمحبتto have deep affection forlove
Lord.”خدا۔a title for GodLord.”
“And“اورa conjunction used to connect“And
mineمیراbelonging to memine
one?”ایک؟a single unit?one?”
saidکہاto express in wordssaid
Abou.ابو۔a name, often used as a titleAbou.
“Nay,“نہیں،no, not“Nay,
so,”ایسا نہیں،not in that way,so,”
Repliedجواب دیاto respondReplied
angel.فرشتہ۔a spiritual beingangel.
Abouابوa name, often used as a titleAbou
spokeبولےto express in wordsspoke
low,آہستہ،softly or quietlylow,
cheerilyخوش دلی سے;in a happy manner;cheerily
still;اب بھی؛continuing to be;still;
“I“میںreferring to oneself“I
prayدعا کرتا ہوںto ask earnestlypray
thee,تمہیں،you, in a formal or poetic sense,thee,
then,پھر،at that time,then,
Writeلکھوto inscribe or recordWrite
lovesمحبت کرتا ہےto have deep affection forloves
fellowہمراہیa companion or peerfellow
men.”آدمیوں۔males; human beings.men.”
wrote,لکھا،to inscribe or recordwrote,
vanished.غائب ہو گیا۔to disappear suddenly.vanished.
nextاگلاfollowing in time or ordernext
cameآیاto arrivecame
greatعظیمlarge in size or importancegreat
wakeningجاگنے والاcausing to wake upwakening
light,روشنی،illuminationlight,
showedدکھایاto present or revealshowed
Godخداa deityGod
blest,برکت دی،to have received a blessingblest,
lo!دیکھو!look! or behold!lo!
Adhem’sادہم کاbelonging to AdhemAdhem’s
nameنامidentifier for a personname
ledرہنمائی کیto guide or directled
rest.باقی۔the remaining part.rest.

Poet & Context

EraRomantic Era

James Henry Leigh Hunt (1784–1859) was an English critic, essayist, and poet known for his radical principles and connections with prominent literary figures like Keats and Shelley. He co-founded The Examiner and was imprisoned for libel against the Prince Regent.

View on Wikipedia
WhenPublished in 1838
WhyThe poem reflects themes of love, compassion, and the importance of human connection over mere religious observance, resonating with the Romantic ideals of the time.
FormNarrative poem

Themes & More

lovecompassionspiritualityhumanity
imagery: vivid descriptions create a sense of wonder and divinitydialogue: the interaction between Ben Adhem and the angel emphasizes the poem's moral lessonrhyme scheme: the ABAB pattern contributes to the poem's musicality and memorability
May his tribe increase! by James Henry Leigh Hunt — Poem, Translation & Meaning