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Ulysses

Original Poetry

Translation

Ulysses

To sit by the fireplace, among these empty rocks,

BY ALFRED, LORD TENNYSON

With an old wife, I measure and give out

It little profits that an idle king,

Unfair laws to a wild people,

By this still hearth, among these barren crags,

Who save, sleep, eat, and don't know me.

Match'd with an aged wife, I mete and dole

I can't stop traveling: I want to experience life fully:

Unequal laws unto a savage race,

I've always enjoyed life a lot,

That hoard, and sleep, and feed, and know not me.

And suffered a lot, both with those who loved me, and alone,

I cannot rest from travel: I will drink

On shore, and when through fast-moving clouds the rainy stars

Life to the lees: All times I have enjoy'd

Troubled the dark sea: I've become famous;

Greatly, have suffer'd greatly, both with those

For always wandering with a hungry heart

That loved me, and alone, on shore, and when

I've seen and known a lot; cities of people

Thro' scudding drifts the rainy Hyades

And their ways, climates, councils, governments,

Vext the dim sea: I am become a name;

Myself not the least, but respected by them all;

For always roaming with a hungry heart

And enjoyed the excitement of battle with my equals,

Much have I seen and known; cities of men

Far on the echoing plains of windy Troy.

And manners, climates, councils, governments,

I'm part of all that I've met;

Myself not least, but honour'd of them all;

Yet all experience is an arch through which

And drunk delight of battle with my peers,

Shines that unexplored world whose edge fades

Far on the ringing plains of windy Troy.

Forever and ever as I move.

I am a part of all that I have met;

How boring it is to stop, to finish,

Yet all experience is an arch wherethro'

To rust without being used, not to shine!

Gleams that untravell'd world whose margin fades

As if just breathing were living! Life stacked on life

For ever and forever when I move.

Would all be too little, and of one life to me

How dull it is to pause, to make an end,

Little remains: but every hour is saved

To rust unburnish'd, not to shine in use!

From that eternal silence, something more,

As tho' to breathe were life! Life piled on life

A bringer of new things; and it would be wrong

Were all too little, and of one to me

For some three days to store and save myself,

Little remains: but every hour is saved

And this gray spirit longing in desire

From that eternal silence, something more,

To follow knowledge like a falling star,

A bringer of new things; and vile it were

Beyond the furthest limit of human thought.

For some three suns to store and hoard myself,

And this gray spirit yearning in desire

To follow knowledge like a sinking star,

Beyond the utmost bound of human thought.

This is my son, mine own Telemachus,

This is my son, my own Telemachus,

To whom I leave the sceptre and the isle,—

To whom I leave the power and the island,—

Well-loved of me, discerning to fulfil

Well-loved by me, wise to carry out

This labour, by slow prudence to make mild

This work, by slow carefulness to make gentle

A rugged people, and thro' soft degrees

A rough people, and through gentle steps

Subdue them to the useful and the good.

Bring them to be useful and good.

Most blameless is he, centred in the sphere

He is most blameless, focused on the area

Of common duties, decent not to fail

Of common duties, careful not to fail

In offices of tenderness, and pay

In acts of kindness, and to give

Meet adoration to my household gods,

Proper respect to my household gods,

When I am gone. He works his work, I mine.

When I am gone. He does his work, I do mine.

There lies the port; the vessel puffs her sail:

There is the port; the ship fills her sail:

There gloom the dark, broad seas. My mariners,

There the dark, wide seas are gloomy. My sailors,

Souls that have toil'd, and wrought, and thought with me—

Souls that have worked, and created, and thought with me—

That ever with a frolic welcome took

That always with a playful welcome faced

The thunder and the sunshine, and opposed

Free hearts, free foreheads—you and I are old;

Free hearts, free minds—you and I are old;

Old age hath yet his honour and his toil;

Old age still has its honor and its work;

Death closes all: but something ere the end,

Death ends all: but something before the end,

Some work of noble note, may yet be done,

Some work of noble note, may still be done,

Not unbecoming men that strove with Gods.

Not unworthy of men who fought with Gods.

The lights begin to twinkle from the rocks:

The lights start to twinkle from the rocks:

The long day wanes: the slow moon climbs: the deep

The long day ends: the slow moon rises: the deep

Moans round with many voices. Come, my friends,

Moans around with many voices. Come, my friends,

'T is not too late to seek a newer world.

It's not too late to seek a new world.

Push off, and sitting well in order smite

Push off, and sitting well in order hit

The sounding furrows; for my purpose holds

The sounding waves; for my purpose holds

To sail beyond the sunset, and the baths

Of all the western stars, until I die.

It may be that the gulfs will wash us down:

It may be we shall touch the Happy Isles,

It may be we shall reach the Happy Isles,

And see the great Achilles, whom we knew.

Tho' much is taken, much abides; and tho'

Though much is taken, much remains; and though

We are not now that strength which in old days

Moved earth and heaven, that which we are, we are;

Moved earth and heaven, what we are, we are;

One equal temper of heroic hearts,

One equal spirit of heroic hearts,

Made weak by time and fate, but strong in will

To strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield.

To strive, to seek, to find, and not to give up.

Explanation

Tennyson's 'Ulysses' is a dramatic monologue that captures the restless spirit of the legendary Greek hero Ulysses (Odysseus) as he reflects on his past adventures and contemplates future ones. Dissatisfied with his life as a king, Ulysses yearns for the excitement and challenges of exploration. He sees his life as a continuous journey, where each experience is a gateway to new worlds. The poem contrasts Ulysses' desire for adventure with the domestic responsibilities he leaves to his son, Telemachus. Ulysses' determination to 'strive, to seek, to find, and not to yield' embodies the human spirit's relentless pursuit of knowledge and meaning, even in the face of aging and mortality. The poem's rich imagery and rhythmic blank verse convey a sense of urgency and passion, reflecting Tennyson's own response to personal loss and the universal quest for purpose.

Word Dictionary17

Word	In English	Plain (English)	Pron.
profits	benefits	gains or advantages	prah-fits
idle	lazy	inactive or not working	ai-dl
hearth	fireplace	the area in front of a fireplace	hahrth
mete	measure	to distribute or allot	meet
dole	give out	to distribute or share	dohl
lees	remains	the sediment at the bottom of a liquid	leez
Hyades	rainy stars	a group of stars associated with rain	hai-uh-deez
vext	troubled	disturbed or annoyed	vekst
unburnish'd	unpolished	not shiny or used	un-bur-nisht
sceptre	staff of power	a symbol of authority	sep-ter
frolic	playful	full of fun and high spirits	frah-lik
wanes	fades	decreases in strength or intensity	waynz
smite	hit	to strike with a firm blow	smait
furrows	waves	long narrow trenches or grooves	fur-ohz
gulfs	deep seas	large areas of sea partially enclosed by land	guhlfz
abides	remains	continues to exist	uh-baids
yield	give up	to surrender or submit	yeeld

Poet & Context

PoetAlfred, Lord Tennyson

EraVictorian

Alfred Tennyson was an English poet who served as Poet Laureate during much of Queen Victoria's reign. Known for his classical themes and vivid imagery, Tennyson's work remains influential. He is celebrated for poems like 'Ulysses' and 'The Charge of the Light Brigade.

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When1833, published in 1842

WhyTennyson wrote 'Ulysses' after the death of his close friend Arthur Hallam. The poem reflects themes of perseverance and the quest for knowledge, drawing on the character of Ulysses from Homer's 'Odyssey' as a metaphor for the human spirit's unending pursuit of meaning.

FormBlank verse

Themes & More

Themes

AdventureExplorationPerseveranceAgingLegacy

Literary devices

Metaphor: Life is compared to a journey and an arch.Imagery: Vivid descriptions of the sea, stars, and landscapes.Alliteration: Repetition of consonant sounds, e.g., 'frolic welcome'.Personification: The sea is described as 'moaning'.Symbolism: Ulysses' journey symbolizes the quest for knowledge and meaning.